USIPOCHEKA UTAPOTEZA DAKIKA 4 ZA KUISHI.
THE CHILDREN were lined up in the cafeteria of a Catholic elementary school for lunch. At the head of the table was a large pile of apples. The nun made a note, and posted on the apple tray: "Take only ONE. God is watching." Moving further along the lunch line, at the other end of the table was a large pile of chocolate chip cookies. A child had written a note, "Take all You want. God is watching the apples!"
SOMEONE died playing golf Fred got home from his Sunday round of golf later than normal and very tired. "Bad day at the course?" his wife asked. "Everything was going fine," he said. "Then Harry had a heart attack and died on the 10th tee." "Oh, that's awful!" "You're not kidding. For the whole back nine it was hit the ball, drag Harry, hit the ball, drag Harry."
TWO Men went bear hunting. While one stayed in the cabin, the other went out looking for a bear. He soon found a huge bear, shot at it but only wounded it. The enraged bear charged toward him, he dropped his rifle and started running for the cabin as fast as he could. He ran pretty fast but the bear was just a little faster and gained on him with every step. Just as he reached the open cabin door, he tripped and fell flat.
A New York City yuppie moved to the country and bought a piece of land. He went to the local feed and livestock store and talked to the proprietor about how he was going to take up chicken farming. He then asked to buy 100 chicks. "That's a lot of chicks," commented the proprietor. "I mean business," the city slicker replied.
A husband and wife were driving down a country lane on their way to visit some friends. They came to a muddy patch in the road and the car became bogged. After a few minutes of trying to get the car out by themselves, they saw a young farmer coming down the lane, driving some oxen before him.
RETRIVED FROM
http://www.tanzanet.org/modules.php?name=News&file=categories&op=newindex&catid=3 ON 7TH, 06,2010.
MAHOJIANO YA PROF HAROUB OTHMAN WA CHUO KIKUU CHA DAR ES SALAAM NA MAYAGE MAYAGE WA GAZETI LA ?Mtanzania? 28 April, 2005 Swali: Hali ya Zanzibar kisiasa kwa ujumla si shwari. Unadhani tatizo ni nini? Jibu : Kuna watu wanaojaribu sana kabisa kuvihusisha vyama hivi vya CUF na CCM na vyama vilivyopita. Hiyo si sahihi. Baada ya chama cha TANU, mara baada ya uhuru, kufungua milango yake kwa watu wote bila ya kujali kabila au asili, kilikuwa ni chama cha wote. Na baadae mwaka 1965 ilipopitishwa sheria ya chama kimoja, hata wale walio kwenye vyama vya upinzani walijiunga na TANU. Baada ya hapo hatukusikia tena wanachama wa TANU wakitafutwa nasaba na asili zao. Na baada ya mwaka 1977 TANU ilipojiunga na ASP kuunda CCM, hata ule unasaba na TANU umetoweka. Sasa mwanachama wa CCM kutoka Bara anahisabika kwa uadilifu na uaminifu wake kwa CCM. Ulipokuja mfumo wa vyama vingi, na akina Chief Fundikira, Oscar Kambona na Lifa Chipaka kuanzisha vyama, hatukusikia vyama vyao vikuhusishwa na vyama vilivyopita. Wala hatukusikia mtoto wa Zuberi Mtemvu akishtumiwa kwamba ?mtoto wa nyoka ni nyoka?.
MBUNGE ALIYEHIJIWA
TANZANIA Labour Party (TLP) ina wabunge watano bungeni. Miongoni mwao ni Mbunge wa Moshi Vijijini, Bwana Thomas Ngawaiya. Katika mahojiano haya na mwandishi JACQUELINE LIANA, anazungumzia mafanikio yaliyopatikana katika eneo lake na kudokeza kama atawania nafasi hiyo tena au la. SWALI: Wananchi wa jimbo lako walikuwa wanakabiliwa na matatizo sugu yapi wakati ulipochaguliwa kuwa mbunge wao, na umefanya jitihada gani kuyatatua? JIBU: Matatizo yalikuwa makubwa sana. Kuhusu barabara; zilikuwa na mashimo sana. Hazikutengenezwa kwa kipindi kirefu. Zilikuwa kama vile ni dhambi kwa Serikali kuzishughulikia.
MAZINGIRA KILIMOZALIWA CHAMA CHA MAPINDUZI
INGAWA vilizaliwa nyakati tofauti, mahali tofauti na watu tofauti vikiwa na malengo yale yale ya kisiasa, vyama vya TANU (Tanganyika African National Union) na ASP (Afro-Shiraz Party) viliungana Jumamosi, Februari 5, 1977, mjini Zanzibar. Hapo ndipo Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) tunachokijua leo kilipozaliwa rasmi. Mwandishi WILLIAM SHAO anachambua mazingira kilimozaliwa chama hicho ambacho leo kinatimiza miaka 28. FEBRUARI 5, 1977, Chama Cha Mapinduzi (CCM) kilizaliwa, kikiwa ni matokeo ya kuungana kwa vyama vya Tanganyika African National Union (TANU) na Afro-Shiraz Party (ASP). Sherehe za kuzaliwa kwa CCM zilifanyika mjini Zanzibar kwenye Uwanja wa Aman ambako bendera za TANU na ASP ziliteremshwa na bendera ya CCM ikapandishwa.
RETRIVED FROM
http://www.tanzanet.org/modules.php?name=News&file=categories&op=newindex&catid=3 ON 7TH, 06,2010.
Monday, June 7, 2010
VERTICAL STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH
The internal planet earth is composed of three concentric layers namely crust, mantle and core. on the next lesson the teacher will describe them in details. so dont mis it through your grooming blog www.kalunde-kalunde.blogsot.com
Friday, June 4, 2010
Walter Rodney (1942-1980),
Dr. QUENUM & ASSOCIATES
INVESTMENT AND BUSINESS PLANNERS
Fax: +1 202 478 0432
Click here for contact & support console
STRATEGY AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
BOOK'S REVIEW
SYNOPSIS
Walter Rodney (1942-1980), a Guyanese born historian and politician, published in 1972 a book titled: How Europe Underdeveloped Africa – that is an invaluable source of documentation about sub-Saharan African region’ social and economic development; before the encounter with the Europeans; during the lengthy epoch that followed the encounter and leading to the colonization; during the colonial period and afterwards.
Walter Rodney analysed Western scholars’ academic works and publications (in all lines of knowledge), to refuting the white-race ethnocentric approach used by most of these scholars to explain the developing backwardness of sub-Saharan African countries.
Indeed, these Western scholars – implicitly or explicitly – implied that sub-Saharan Africa’s developing was lagging far behind other regions of the world because of the “obvious” innate inferiority of black people to organize themselves, to master the environment in order to improving social and economic conditions.
Walter Rodney, in the contrary, dug out and revealed historic findings (deliberately ignored by ethnocentric scholars) that shed light to the real causes, which explain the underdevelopment of sub-Saharan African region.
Click here for the preliminaries to the article
All through the book's pages, Walter Rodney brought to light facts that show Africa, in mid-fifteenth century (the starting period of the encounter between Europeans and Africans), had already established and structured nations and empires in the East, West, Centre and South of the continent. The empires of Mali and Songhay, in West Africa, being the most powerful in wealth and territorial expansion. (Songay territory was larger than the continent of Europe - with the University of Sankore, in Timbuktu, that drew students from all West Africa, and scholars from different foreign countries.)
At the Eastern limit of Mali and Songhay territories, stands the Mossi Nation. A federation of several chiefdoms and kingdoms united by kinship, and ruled by the supreme chief: "The Mogho Naba." The Mossi, "nationalists" and indomitable people, resisted Mali and Songhay many attempts to destroy and occupy their national territory. They were (and still are) one of the most industrious people of the world; and the Mossi Nation's Army was one of the most organized with the greatest and most dashing cavalry in Africa. Nowadays, Mossiland's cultural area covers a large portion of modern Burkina Faso, and the Mogho Naba still rules - a sacred leader venerated by the Mossi.
During the three following centuries, the big entities - Mali and Songhay - progressively collapsed and several other smaller chiefdoms rose to replace them.
Anyway, they all have established strong state machines in charge of security, planning, and supervision of agricultural productions. The most organized have also standing Armies, which sometimes integrate Amazon’s corps – the famous African women warriors.
That was the case in particular of the Kingdom of Dan-Ho-Me (Dahomey) that occupied the central part of the actual Republic of Benin and was known to historians as the black Sparta; the case of the Asante Kingdom, located in the central part of current Republic of Ghana; and also the Kingdoms of Oyo, Ife, and Benin located in the southern part of the actual Republic of Nigeria; the Kingdom of Kuba, or the several Kingdoms (Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda) in the interlacustrine (Great Lakes) region in central Africa.
Besides, anyone with a nodding knowledge about African past had certainly heard about the great organizer of all Africans: Shaka, who transformed, in the nineteenth century, the Zululand (the actual KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa), into a powerful kingdom. Etc.
All these entities were basically farming societies. Farmers, herdsmen, artists and craftsmen (gold and silversmiths, blacksmiths, weavers, and cloth's makers; medicine men - experts in naturopathy; sculptors of wood, iron and terracotta; and transformers of agricultural products) producing goods for the communities - using proper African-designed technology and techniques.
Guilds of merchants travel long miles, criss-crossing the continent, to sell commodities and productions: cotton, millet, wheat, corn, peppers, yams, rice, peanuts, kola nuts, honey, onions; and transformed products such as fine leather works; silver, gold and copper made jewellery; ivory, cloths, basketry, straw hats, iron, lead and antimony, and copper ware, mats, jars, pots, pans, soap and dried and smoked fish. In exchange of: salt, coffee, tea, perfumes, carpets. Etc.
In short, before the first encounter with the Europeans in the fifteenth century, Africans had already established commercial networks crisscrossing the continent to trade and exchange goods between the several ethnic entities.
Starting from the arrival of Portuguese ships on West African shores in 1444, the Europeans setup a triangular trading system - Europe-Africa-Americas - to fully take control of Africa’s international trading and dictate to African rulers which products to sell abroad. That is the export of human beings as slaves to the Americas; the exploitation of tropical wood species and the “purchase” of ivory and gold.
All these goods and commodities were exchanged and bartered against overpriced bottles of drinkable alcohol (sugar cane and juniper-made “gin” alcohol), Asian, European small glassware pearls and other rubbish given to African rulers.
The pre-colonial economic domination of Europe over sub-Saharan Africa lasted 440 years – from year 1444 to year 1885 - during which the supervision of the developing process progressively shifted from African rulers to Europeans. Indeed, during that lengthy period, the introduction of criteria and values imported from Europe progressively “altered” the natives’ superstructure of beliefs and value systems, and diverted the course of the developing process from the initial endogenous path to an exogenous one.
Subsequently, the inter-African trading system, put in place by generations of Africans before Europe-Africa’s encounter, was progressively disorganized and finally high-jacked by the Europeans - acting as go-between, splitting and separating each African ethnic entity from another.
In few words, starting from the fifteenth century, Europe used high sea maritime experience combined with fire-arms’ supremacy to stage and carry out the systematic economic conquest of sub-Saharan African region.
The colonial conquests that followed 1884-1885’s Berlin Conference (the partition of Africa) established a complete political and economic domination of Europe over Africa. Therefore, Africans’ socio-cultural value systems and fabric were further altered, together with the diversion of the developing from its initial endogenous path to an “external driven process”, manipulated and managed by the Europeans.
And, after some forty years of colonial rule, around year 1925, the more than five centuries old inter-African trading system was completely annihilated; to be replaced by another trading system, North-South oriented. That is the international trading flux was established and reinforced between each single colony and the country of the European master; with under- priced bulk raw materials (minerals and agricultural cash crops) shipping to the North, and overpriced manufactured products to the South.
That unequal trading system, imposed from mid-fifteenth century on Africa by Europe, contributed tremendously to the progressive accumulation of capital in European countries, and assisted Europe - towards the end of mid seventeenth century - to carry out and finance the industrial revolution. Said revolution put Europe’s global economy on a sustained growth path that accelerated the developing process.
Therefore, Europeans moved increasingly toward more development and better living conditions.
In the contrary, during the pre-colonial period, from mid-fifteenth century to the end of the ninetieth century, Africa was “cornered” into the position of selling human beings (shipped as slaves to toil on European cotton and sugar cane plantations and estates in the Americas) in exchange of rubbish goods as earlier listed. And during the colonial period, from the last years of ninetieth century up to the 1960’s, she had been the supplier of under-priced raw materials commodities (mineral and agricultural) to Europe and buyer of overpriced manufactured products.
For one to fully apprehend the consequences of the unequal trading system established by Europe over Africa, it is essential to quote Walter Rodney (Page 149 of the book):
“Colonial Africa fell within that part of the international capitalist economy from which surplus was drawn to feed the metropolitan sector. As seen earlier, exploitation of land and labour is essential for human social advance, but only on the assumption that the product is made available within the area where the exploitation takes place. Colonialism was not merely a system of exploitation, but one whose essential purpose was to repatriate the profits to the so-called mother country. From an African viewpoint, that amounted to consistent expatriation of surplus produced by African labour out of African resources. It meant the development of Europe as part of the same dialectical process in which Africa was underdeveloped.”
In other words, the domination of Europe over Africa, starting from mid-fifteenth century, impeded sub-Saharan African countries, for five running centuries, to accumulate capital in spite of shipping huge quantities of commodities to Europe.
In the meantime, for five running centuries, Europe made good use of the encounter with Africa. She organized herself, accumulated capital gained from her overseas colonized territories (with a huge contribution from Africa), shrewdly invest the surplus in productive economy, industrialized the economy, steadfastly moving toward more developing; increasing national wealth and riches for all.
In the same time, Africa deprived (by Europe) of politic and economic decision making power, and lacking sustained investment funds, trod the reverse path, sinking deeper and deeper into non-development and poverty.
Walter Rodney’s book is packed with hundred of documented and numbered examples that expose the multifaceted aspects of the deceiving scheme put in place to transferring to Europe economic surplus generated by Africa’s labour and resources.
The political independence Europe “granted” to her overseas territories in sub-Saharan Africa during the 1960’s, changed nothing to the above described trend. In the contrary, Europe economic domination over sub-Saharan Africa deepened.
And now, at the beginning of the 21st century, one can assert the situation is aggravating and might become a complete disaster in the near future, if African policymakers do not react quickly to defend the continent against predatory trading practices exercised by the developed countries.
Further, a new global domination structure is shaping up since mid 1980’s that is labeled with the vague and deceiving denomination of “Globalization”, which would perpetuate the economic dependence of Africa. [Watch videos about globalization: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].
To sum up, Walter Rodney’s book proved that – contrary to the assertion made by several Western ethnocentric scholars – the current developing backwardness of sub-Saharan Africa had nothing to do with any innate inferiority or inability of black people to organizing themselves.
That backwardness was in fact the result of the “cultural collision” between two different developing spheres, when they come into close contact. And one of these, Europe, having a strategic and technology edge (high sea sailing’s experience and fire-arms supremacy), choked and progressively subdued the other one, Africa; and astutely maneuvered, over centuries, through well designed multifaceted political and economic measures, to maintaining Africa as a subsidiary client.
Why have we chosen to review Walter Rodney’s "How Europe Underdeveloped Africa", when he is “only” one among several other illustrious Pan-Africanists – George Padmore, Marcus Garvey, Marc Kojo Tovalou Quenum, W.E.B. Du Bois, Dr. William Alpheus Hunton, Cheihk Anta Diop, Aimé Césaire, Frantz Fanon, Chancellor James Williams, et al?
African-American, Caribbean, African, scholars and activists who had forcefully expressed Pan-African ideas and dealt with the central problem of Europe’s exploitation and oppression of the African continent and Black people.
They have done so in hostile social and intellectual environment, sometimes at the expense of their professional career and even risking their lives.
They had done a tremendous job providing arguments and “spiritual” background to the endless African liberty fighters, which led to the political independence of the continent.
They have, however, mostly dealt with the cultural aspect, the revival of African conscientiousness, identity, dignity and renaissance of the Black people.
This article is a tribute to all of these Pan-African spiritual leaders, with a special nod to Walter Rodney who stands out as the only one who thoroughly analyzed the economic aspect of Europe’s domination over Africa throughout centuries.
Surely, African dignity and consciousness rebirth would be definitely accomplished only if backed by sustained economic prosperity.
That is why Walter Rodney contribution is essential and paramount. The surgical analysis he performed about the economic and political mechanisms engineered and carried out by the Europeans, over five centuries, to appropriating and “sucking” the economic surplus (fruit of African labour and resources), completely exposed the pattern of domination, and indicates to African policy-makers the roadblocks and traps to overcome to reversing the trend.
As per African popular saying, “He, who knows his people’s history, knows where he comes from, and is mentally and spiritually well equipped to understand present time problems, to prepare for a better future.”
For that reason, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa is a must read book for African decision and policy-makers. It is a breviary that would assist African delegates attending international economic forums, or negotiating deals with Northern counterparts. It would make them aware of past (political and economic) traps and sharp practices applied to their forefathers and foremothers.
They would further understand and apprehend present time challenge faced by African countries with regard the deceptive superstructure [Watch videos about globalization: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] on the making (that is unbridled Globalization) - in order to defend the Black people’s rights and interests for the best; as the race is “under perpetual siege and fighting an almost invisible war for survival…” – quoting Chancellor James Williams.
Indeed, modern times Africans should rekindle the torch and emulate the organizational skills deployed by their ancestors in the past, as revealed by the academic works of several Pan-African scholars; taking the developing process back into their proper hands; and, using new modern techniques and technology do better jumping centuries to bridging the developing gap.
In few words, they should endeavour turning around the economy and stop the economic decline; producing wealth for all; marching on towards prosperity.
TOP
MODERN AFRICA SHOWS THE ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY OF AFRICANS
Besides, without referring to African past, one can consider a contemporary example that shows Africans can do better.
Indeed, right now, there is an African country that stands as a vivid example for the organizational capacity Africans can deploy. That country is the Republic of Somaliland that broke from the chaotic Republic of Somali in May 1991, to proclaiming its independence.
However, till today (November 2006) it is not recognized by a single other government in the world. It has no siege at the United Nations or in any other international organization. Therefore, it does not receive a penny of international financial aid to supporting the developing.
Nevertheless, Somaliland does exist as a nation and is developing by its own means. It has a government, a parliament, and an Army; a Central Bank and a stable currency. The economy is in fairly good shape, and trading with neighbouring countries. Civil servants are paid in times. The Education system and Health Centers are operational and performing better that in some African countries recognized by the international community.
Therefore, if proof needs to be given about the capacity of Africans to organizing themselves, Somaliland is the shining one.
Retrived from http://businessafrica.net/africabiz/rodney_review.php on may,2010
INVESTMENT AND BUSINESS PLANNERS
Fax: +1 202 478 0432
Click here for contact & support console
STRATEGY AND ECONOMIC ANALYSIS
BOOK'S REVIEW
SYNOPSIS
Walter Rodney (1942-1980), a Guyanese born historian and politician, published in 1972 a book titled: How Europe Underdeveloped Africa – that is an invaluable source of documentation about sub-Saharan African region’ social and economic development; before the encounter with the Europeans; during the lengthy epoch that followed the encounter and leading to the colonization; during the colonial period and afterwards.
Walter Rodney analysed Western scholars’ academic works and publications (in all lines of knowledge), to refuting the white-race ethnocentric approach used by most of these scholars to explain the developing backwardness of sub-Saharan African countries.
Indeed, these Western scholars – implicitly or explicitly – implied that sub-Saharan Africa’s developing was lagging far behind other regions of the world because of the “obvious” innate inferiority of black people to organize themselves, to master the environment in order to improving social and economic conditions.
Walter Rodney, in the contrary, dug out and revealed historic findings (deliberately ignored by ethnocentric scholars) that shed light to the real causes, which explain the underdevelopment of sub-Saharan African region.
Click here for the preliminaries to the article
All through the book's pages, Walter Rodney brought to light facts that show Africa, in mid-fifteenth century (the starting period of the encounter between Europeans and Africans), had already established and structured nations and empires in the East, West, Centre and South of the continent. The empires of Mali and Songhay, in West Africa, being the most powerful in wealth and territorial expansion. (Songay territory was larger than the continent of Europe - with the University of Sankore, in Timbuktu, that drew students from all West Africa, and scholars from different foreign countries.)
At the Eastern limit of Mali and Songhay territories, stands the Mossi Nation. A federation of several chiefdoms and kingdoms united by kinship, and ruled by the supreme chief: "The Mogho Naba." The Mossi, "nationalists" and indomitable people, resisted Mali and Songhay many attempts to destroy and occupy their national territory. They were (and still are) one of the most industrious people of the world; and the Mossi Nation's Army was one of the most organized with the greatest and most dashing cavalry in Africa. Nowadays, Mossiland's cultural area covers a large portion of modern Burkina Faso, and the Mogho Naba still rules - a sacred leader venerated by the Mossi.
During the three following centuries, the big entities - Mali and Songhay - progressively collapsed and several other smaller chiefdoms rose to replace them.
Anyway, they all have established strong state machines in charge of security, planning, and supervision of agricultural productions. The most organized have also standing Armies, which sometimes integrate Amazon’s corps – the famous African women warriors.
That was the case in particular of the Kingdom of Dan-Ho-Me (Dahomey) that occupied the central part of the actual Republic of Benin and was known to historians as the black Sparta; the case of the Asante Kingdom, located in the central part of current Republic of Ghana; and also the Kingdoms of Oyo, Ife, and Benin located in the southern part of the actual Republic of Nigeria; the Kingdom of Kuba, or the several Kingdoms (Rwanda, Burundi and Uganda) in the interlacustrine (Great Lakes) region in central Africa.
Besides, anyone with a nodding knowledge about African past had certainly heard about the great organizer of all Africans: Shaka, who transformed, in the nineteenth century, the Zululand (the actual KwaZulu-Natal province in South Africa), into a powerful kingdom. Etc.
All these entities were basically farming societies. Farmers, herdsmen, artists and craftsmen (gold and silversmiths, blacksmiths, weavers, and cloth's makers; medicine men - experts in naturopathy; sculptors of wood, iron and terracotta; and transformers of agricultural products) producing goods for the communities - using proper African-designed technology and techniques.
Guilds of merchants travel long miles, criss-crossing the continent, to sell commodities and productions: cotton, millet, wheat, corn, peppers, yams, rice, peanuts, kola nuts, honey, onions; and transformed products such as fine leather works; silver, gold and copper made jewellery; ivory, cloths, basketry, straw hats, iron, lead and antimony, and copper ware, mats, jars, pots, pans, soap and dried and smoked fish. In exchange of: salt, coffee, tea, perfumes, carpets. Etc.
In short, before the first encounter with the Europeans in the fifteenth century, Africans had already established commercial networks crisscrossing the continent to trade and exchange goods between the several ethnic entities.
Starting from the arrival of Portuguese ships on West African shores in 1444, the Europeans setup a triangular trading system - Europe-Africa-Americas - to fully take control of Africa’s international trading and dictate to African rulers which products to sell abroad. That is the export of human beings as slaves to the Americas; the exploitation of tropical wood species and the “purchase” of ivory and gold.
All these goods and commodities were exchanged and bartered against overpriced bottles of drinkable alcohol (sugar cane and juniper-made “gin” alcohol), Asian, European small glassware pearls and other rubbish given to African rulers.
The pre-colonial economic domination of Europe over sub-Saharan Africa lasted 440 years – from year 1444 to year 1885 - during which the supervision of the developing process progressively shifted from African rulers to Europeans. Indeed, during that lengthy period, the introduction of criteria and values imported from Europe progressively “altered” the natives’ superstructure of beliefs and value systems, and diverted the course of the developing process from the initial endogenous path to an exogenous one.
Subsequently, the inter-African trading system, put in place by generations of Africans before Europe-Africa’s encounter, was progressively disorganized and finally high-jacked by the Europeans - acting as go-between, splitting and separating each African ethnic entity from another.
In few words, starting from the fifteenth century, Europe used high sea maritime experience combined with fire-arms’ supremacy to stage and carry out the systematic economic conquest of sub-Saharan African region.
The colonial conquests that followed 1884-1885’s Berlin Conference (the partition of Africa) established a complete political and economic domination of Europe over Africa. Therefore, Africans’ socio-cultural value systems and fabric were further altered, together with the diversion of the developing from its initial endogenous path to an “external driven process”, manipulated and managed by the Europeans.
And, after some forty years of colonial rule, around year 1925, the more than five centuries old inter-African trading system was completely annihilated; to be replaced by another trading system, North-South oriented. That is the international trading flux was established and reinforced between each single colony and the country of the European master; with under- priced bulk raw materials (minerals and agricultural cash crops) shipping to the North, and overpriced manufactured products to the South.
That unequal trading system, imposed from mid-fifteenth century on Africa by Europe, contributed tremendously to the progressive accumulation of capital in European countries, and assisted Europe - towards the end of mid seventeenth century - to carry out and finance the industrial revolution. Said revolution put Europe’s global economy on a sustained growth path that accelerated the developing process.
Therefore, Europeans moved increasingly toward more development and better living conditions.
In the contrary, during the pre-colonial period, from mid-fifteenth century to the end of the ninetieth century, Africa was “cornered” into the position of selling human beings (shipped as slaves to toil on European cotton and sugar cane plantations and estates in the Americas) in exchange of rubbish goods as earlier listed. And during the colonial period, from the last years of ninetieth century up to the 1960’s, she had been the supplier of under-priced raw materials commodities (mineral and agricultural) to Europe and buyer of overpriced manufactured products.
For one to fully apprehend the consequences of the unequal trading system established by Europe over Africa, it is essential to quote Walter Rodney (Page 149 of the book):
“Colonial Africa fell within that part of the international capitalist economy from which surplus was drawn to feed the metropolitan sector. As seen earlier, exploitation of land and labour is essential for human social advance, but only on the assumption that the product is made available within the area where the exploitation takes place. Colonialism was not merely a system of exploitation, but one whose essential purpose was to repatriate the profits to the so-called mother country. From an African viewpoint, that amounted to consistent expatriation of surplus produced by African labour out of African resources. It meant the development of Europe as part of the same dialectical process in which Africa was underdeveloped.”
In other words, the domination of Europe over Africa, starting from mid-fifteenth century, impeded sub-Saharan African countries, for five running centuries, to accumulate capital in spite of shipping huge quantities of commodities to Europe.
In the meantime, for five running centuries, Europe made good use of the encounter with Africa. She organized herself, accumulated capital gained from her overseas colonized territories (with a huge contribution from Africa), shrewdly invest the surplus in productive economy, industrialized the economy, steadfastly moving toward more developing; increasing national wealth and riches for all.
In the same time, Africa deprived (by Europe) of politic and economic decision making power, and lacking sustained investment funds, trod the reverse path, sinking deeper and deeper into non-development and poverty.
Walter Rodney’s book is packed with hundred of documented and numbered examples that expose the multifaceted aspects of the deceiving scheme put in place to transferring to Europe economic surplus generated by Africa’s labour and resources.
The political independence Europe “granted” to her overseas territories in sub-Saharan Africa during the 1960’s, changed nothing to the above described trend. In the contrary, Europe economic domination over sub-Saharan Africa deepened.
And now, at the beginning of the 21st century, one can assert the situation is aggravating and might become a complete disaster in the near future, if African policymakers do not react quickly to defend the continent against predatory trading practices exercised by the developed countries.
Further, a new global domination structure is shaping up since mid 1980’s that is labeled with the vague and deceiving denomination of “Globalization”, which would perpetuate the economic dependence of Africa. [Watch videos about globalization: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7].
To sum up, Walter Rodney’s book proved that – contrary to the assertion made by several Western ethnocentric scholars – the current developing backwardness of sub-Saharan Africa had nothing to do with any innate inferiority or inability of black people to organizing themselves.
That backwardness was in fact the result of the “cultural collision” between two different developing spheres, when they come into close contact. And one of these, Europe, having a strategic and technology edge (high sea sailing’s experience and fire-arms supremacy), choked and progressively subdued the other one, Africa; and astutely maneuvered, over centuries, through well designed multifaceted political and economic measures, to maintaining Africa as a subsidiary client.
Why have we chosen to review Walter Rodney’s "How Europe Underdeveloped Africa", when he is “only” one among several other illustrious Pan-Africanists – George Padmore, Marcus Garvey, Marc Kojo Tovalou Quenum, W.E.B. Du Bois, Dr. William Alpheus Hunton, Cheihk Anta Diop, Aimé Césaire, Frantz Fanon, Chancellor James Williams, et al?
African-American, Caribbean, African, scholars and activists who had forcefully expressed Pan-African ideas and dealt with the central problem of Europe’s exploitation and oppression of the African continent and Black people.
They have done so in hostile social and intellectual environment, sometimes at the expense of their professional career and even risking their lives.
They had done a tremendous job providing arguments and “spiritual” background to the endless African liberty fighters, which led to the political independence of the continent.
They have, however, mostly dealt with the cultural aspect, the revival of African conscientiousness, identity, dignity and renaissance of the Black people.
This article is a tribute to all of these Pan-African spiritual leaders, with a special nod to Walter Rodney who stands out as the only one who thoroughly analyzed the economic aspect of Europe’s domination over Africa throughout centuries.
Surely, African dignity and consciousness rebirth would be definitely accomplished only if backed by sustained economic prosperity.
That is why Walter Rodney contribution is essential and paramount. The surgical analysis he performed about the economic and political mechanisms engineered and carried out by the Europeans, over five centuries, to appropriating and “sucking” the economic surplus (fruit of African labour and resources), completely exposed the pattern of domination, and indicates to African policy-makers the roadblocks and traps to overcome to reversing the trend.
As per African popular saying, “He, who knows his people’s history, knows where he comes from, and is mentally and spiritually well equipped to understand present time problems, to prepare for a better future.”
For that reason, How Europe Underdeveloped Africa is a must read book for African decision and policy-makers. It is a breviary that would assist African delegates attending international economic forums, or negotiating deals with Northern counterparts. It would make them aware of past (political and economic) traps and sharp practices applied to their forefathers and foremothers.
They would further understand and apprehend present time challenge faced by African countries with regard the deceptive superstructure [Watch videos about globalization: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7] on the making (that is unbridled Globalization) - in order to defend the Black people’s rights and interests for the best; as the race is “under perpetual siege and fighting an almost invisible war for survival…” – quoting Chancellor James Williams.
Indeed, modern times Africans should rekindle the torch and emulate the organizational skills deployed by their ancestors in the past, as revealed by the academic works of several Pan-African scholars; taking the developing process back into their proper hands; and, using new modern techniques and technology do better jumping centuries to bridging the developing gap.
In few words, they should endeavour turning around the economy and stop the economic decline; producing wealth for all; marching on towards prosperity.
TOP
MODERN AFRICA SHOWS THE ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY OF AFRICANS
Besides, without referring to African past, one can consider a contemporary example that shows Africans can do better.
Indeed, right now, there is an African country that stands as a vivid example for the organizational capacity Africans can deploy. That country is the Republic of Somaliland that broke from the chaotic Republic of Somali in May 1991, to proclaiming its independence.
However, till today (November 2006) it is not recognized by a single other government in the world. It has no siege at the United Nations or in any other international organization. Therefore, it does not receive a penny of international financial aid to supporting the developing.
Nevertheless, Somaliland does exist as a nation and is developing by its own means. It has a government, a parliament, and an Army; a Central Bank and a stable currency. The economy is in fairly good shape, and trading with neighbouring countries. Civil servants are paid in times. The Education system and Health Centers are operational and performing better that in some African countries recognized by the international community.
Therefore, if proof needs to be given about the capacity of Africans to organizing themselves, Somaliland is the shining one.
Retrived from http://businessafrica.net/africabiz/rodney_review.php on may,2010
THE LIFE STYLE I BARE WITH
Tanzania, Msumbiji kubadilishana wanafunzi
News/Latest News
Author:abdullah al-talei
SERIKALI za Tanzania na Msumbiji zimekubaliana kubadilishana wanafunzi wa elimu ya juu na kwa kuanzia mwaka huu wanafunzi 50 kutoka pande zote watafaidika na mpango huo. Waziri wa Elimu na Mafunzo ya Ufundi Profesa Jumanne Maghembe juzi alitiliana saini makubaliano hayo na Waziri wa Elimu wa Msumbiji Zefarino Andrade de Alexandre Martins jijini Dar es Salaam. Profesa Maghembe alisema Watanzania watakaoenda kusoma nchini Msumbiji wataenda kujifunza lugha ya kireno, k ilimo, Sayansi, utamaduni na mambo ya uvuvi. “Tumeanza na idadi hii ya wanafunzi na kila mwaka sisi tutapeleka wanafunzi 50 na wao wataleta idadi hiyo hiyo katika vyuo vyetu hapa nchini, tunaweza kuongeza idadi kwa siku za baadaye,” alisema Maghembe. Hatua hiyo kwa mujibu wa Profesa Maghembe inatokana na ziara aliyoifanya Waziri Mkuu Mizengo Pinda nchini Msumbiji na kuzungumza na viongozi wa nchi hiyo kuona namna bora ya kushirikiana ili kuendeleza uhusiano uliopo baina ya nchi hizo mbili. “Moja ya mambo waliokubaliana ni kushirikiana kwa upande wa elimu, vijana wetu wa pande mbili watapata fursa ya kujifunza zaidi tamaduni za nchi hizi mbili zenye uhusiano wa kihistoria,” alisema Profesa Maghembe. Waziri huyo walimuhakikishia waziri huyo wa Msumbiji kuwa Tanzania imepiga hatua kubwa kwenye sekta ya elimu ya juu kutokana na idadi ya wanafunzi hao kuongezeka kila mwaka kutokana na idadi kubwa ya vyuo vilivyopo. Hata hivyo Waziri Maghembe alikiri mbele ya waziri huyo kuwa Tanzania kutokana na mapinduzi ya elimu ya juu na ile ya Sekondari, imejikuta inakuwa na upungufu mkubwa wa walimu, lakini akamwakikishia kuwa kutokana na ongezeko hilo la vyuo walimu watakuwa wengi katika siku zijazo. Naye waziri huyo wa Msumbiji alisema Tanzania imekuwa na uhusiano wa kihistoria na Msumbiji kabla ya uhuru na baada ya uhuru na hiyo inatokana na misingi iliyowekwa na waasisi wa mataifa hayo Mwalimu Julius Nyerere na Samora Machel. “Ni lazima nikiri kuwa Tanzania imetusaidia sana sisi Msumbiji hasa kijeshi katika kipindi cha harakati za kujikomboa na hata baada ya uhuru tumeendelea kushirikiana vizuri,” alisema Martins. Waziri huyo aliongeza kuwa wanatarajia vijana watakaokuja kusoma elimu ya juu hapa watakuja kujifunza Kiswahili na sekta nyingine yakiwemo mambo ya teknolojia ya mawasiliano (ICT), kilimo na uhandisi ili kuhakikisha nchi hiyo inafaidika na elimu inayotolewa na Tanzania. Alisema kuwepo mpango huo wa kubadilishana wanafunzi wa elimu ya juu ni kuendeleza mahusiano yaliyoasisiwa na wasisi na ndio maana wameona kuna haja ya watoto wa pande zote mbili kujifunzi lugha za pande zote mbili.
News/Latest News
Author:abdullah al-talei
SERIKALI za Tanzania na Msumbiji zimekubaliana kubadilishana wanafunzi wa elimu ya juu na kwa kuanzia mwaka huu wanafunzi 50 kutoka pande zote watafaidika na mpango huo. Waziri wa Elimu na Mafunzo ya Ufundi Profesa Jumanne Maghembe juzi alitiliana saini makubaliano hayo na Waziri wa Elimu wa Msumbiji Zefarino Andrade de Alexandre Martins jijini Dar es Salaam. Profesa Maghembe alisema Watanzania watakaoenda kusoma nchini Msumbiji wataenda kujifunza lugha ya kireno, k ilimo, Sayansi, utamaduni na mambo ya uvuvi. “Tumeanza na idadi hii ya wanafunzi na kila mwaka sisi tutapeleka wanafunzi 50 na wao wataleta idadi hiyo hiyo katika vyuo vyetu hapa nchini, tunaweza kuongeza idadi kwa siku za baadaye,” alisema Maghembe. Hatua hiyo kwa mujibu wa Profesa Maghembe inatokana na ziara aliyoifanya Waziri Mkuu Mizengo Pinda nchini Msumbiji na kuzungumza na viongozi wa nchi hiyo kuona namna bora ya kushirikiana ili kuendeleza uhusiano uliopo baina ya nchi hizo mbili. “Moja ya mambo waliokubaliana ni kushirikiana kwa upande wa elimu, vijana wetu wa pande mbili watapata fursa ya kujifunza zaidi tamaduni za nchi hizi mbili zenye uhusiano wa kihistoria,” alisema Profesa Maghembe. Waziri huyo walimuhakikishia waziri huyo wa Msumbiji kuwa Tanzania imepiga hatua kubwa kwenye sekta ya elimu ya juu kutokana na idadi ya wanafunzi hao kuongezeka kila mwaka kutokana na idadi kubwa ya vyuo vilivyopo. Hata hivyo Waziri Maghembe alikiri mbele ya waziri huyo kuwa Tanzania kutokana na mapinduzi ya elimu ya juu na ile ya Sekondari, imejikuta inakuwa na upungufu mkubwa wa walimu, lakini akamwakikishia kuwa kutokana na ongezeko hilo la vyuo walimu watakuwa wengi katika siku zijazo. Naye waziri huyo wa Msumbiji alisema Tanzania imekuwa na uhusiano wa kihistoria na Msumbiji kabla ya uhuru na baada ya uhuru na hiyo inatokana na misingi iliyowekwa na waasisi wa mataifa hayo Mwalimu Julius Nyerere na Samora Machel. “Ni lazima nikiri kuwa Tanzania imetusaidia sana sisi Msumbiji hasa kijeshi katika kipindi cha harakati za kujikomboa na hata baada ya uhuru tumeendelea kushirikiana vizuri,” alisema Martins. Waziri huyo aliongeza kuwa wanatarajia vijana watakaokuja kusoma elimu ya juu hapa watakuja kujifunza Kiswahili na sekta nyingine yakiwemo mambo ya teknolojia ya mawasiliano (ICT), kilimo na uhandisi ili kuhakikisha nchi hiyo inafaidika na elimu inayotolewa na Tanzania. Alisema kuwepo mpango huo wa kubadilishana wanafunzi wa elimu ya juu ni kuendeleza mahusiano yaliyoasisiwa na wasisi na ndio maana wameona kuna haja ya watoto wa pande zote mbili kujifunzi lugha za pande zote mbili.
THE LIFE STYLE I LIKE
THE MOST THINGS I BARE WITH IN MY LIFE ARE ELABORATED HERE BELOW AS FOLLOWS
By Aloyce Kalunde.
Objectives: to explore job that will trigger me into dynamic and strong career development.
Competence: highly interactive ability to work independently, well in communication, honest and hardworking.
Things I hate.
Ignorance, to avoid ignorance I make sure that I have the general idea of what is happening in the country.
Irritation, I fear to make people angry by failing to maintain peace.
Exclusion, unequal treatment through favoring and segregating other people is not my habit.
Distrust, creating cheating situation does not comes into my mind.
Things to achieve in my life (few of them) are:
Understandable to people through elaborating in details on the issue I run with them.
Good feelings, that is to make people feel proud of me.
Equal treatment by applying inclusion of the all subordinates.
Make people have desire to work on my any organization or any task I conduct with them.
Honest through transparent to the people and my organization.
The kinds of people I like to keep a company with are:
Knowledgeable.
Hardworking.
Honest.
Creative and imaginative.
Getting on with all kinds of people.
Responsible person.
Be able to get an experience as he continues his work.
Contact
Mobile numbers:
+255 783 700083
+255 756 604775
+255 774 604775
Websught: www.kalunde-kalunde.blogspot.com
e-mail: kalunde82@blogspot.com
By Aloyce Kalunde.
Objectives: to explore job that will trigger me into dynamic and strong career development.
Competence: highly interactive ability to work independently, well in communication, honest and hardworking.
Things I hate.
Ignorance, to avoid ignorance I make sure that I have the general idea of what is happening in the country.
Irritation, I fear to make people angry by failing to maintain peace.
Exclusion, unequal treatment through favoring and segregating other people is not my habit.
Distrust, creating cheating situation does not comes into my mind.
Things to achieve in my life (few of them) are:
Understandable to people through elaborating in details on the issue I run with them.
Good feelings, that is to make people feel proud of me.
Equal treatment by applying inclusion of the all subordinates.
Make people have desire to work on my any organization or any task I conduct with them.
Honest through transparent to the people and my organization.
The kinds of people I like to keep a company with are:
Knowledgeable.
Hardworking.
Honest.
Creative and imaginative.
Getting on with all kinds of people.
Responsible person.
Be able to get an experience as he continues his work.
Contact
Mobile numbers:
+255 783 700083
+255 756 604775
+255 774 604775
Websught: www.kalunde-kalunde.blogspot.com
e-mail: kalunde82@blogspot.com
CHAMA CHA MAPINDUZI
Katibu mkuu wa CCM, Yusuph Makamba, ameunganga na mwenyekiti wa chama chake kitaifa, aliye pia rais wa Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, Jakaya Kikwete, katika kututengenezea mwisho wa filamu ya kuchekesha yenye kuelezea matatizo ndani ya chama chao.
Wakati ambapo mheshimiwa JK, yeye alihitimisha kipande chake katika filamu hiyo akiwa jijini Dar es salaam, kwa staili ya kujibu maswali ya wananchi kupitia luningani, Makamba, yeye aliamua kumalizia kipande chake kule jimboni Urambo kwa staili ya kuhutubia wananchi kupitia mkutano wa hadhara.
Na kwakuwa kama zilivyo filamu zingine, hii nayo ilikuwa na script yake, bila shaka ndio maana haikuwa taabu kwa vigogo hawa kuwa na majibu ambayo yalishabihiana kwa karibu.Majibu ya kisanii.
Kwa Makamba ninayemjua, ambaye nimekuwa nikiamini kuwa anapoteza muda katika siasa ilhali tasnia ya sanaa ikiwa inamhitaji sana, hili lilikuwa jambo nililolitarajia. Ilikuwa suala la muda tu, ambao hatimaye aliupata na kuutumia vyema kama ilivyo ada kwake.
'Filamu' yenyewe ambayo sehemu kubwa ilichezwa mjini Dodoma, ilihusisha tukio linalomhusisha mtu mmoja ambaye kutokana na mapenzi yake kwa Watanzania wenzake, aliamua kusimama kidete katika upande wa kuwatetea.
Mhusika wa nafasi hii, Samwel 'a.k.a Standard and Speed' Sita, Spika wa Bunge la Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, ambaye ni wazi kuwa amedhihirisha kasi na kiwango chake katika kulipa Bunge letu meno, alijikuta katika wakati mgumu kutokana na utendaji wake ambao kimsingi umekuwa ukizingatia ilani ya chama chake na kilicho pia chama tawala CCM.
Kuwaletea Watanzania maisha bora, kuimarisha mijadala yenye maslahi ya kitaifa ndani ya Bunge, kwa lengo la kuimarisha demokrasia, ni baadhi tu ya mambo yenye kuzungumzwa katika kila muongozo wa CCM, na ambayo Sitta, amekuwa akiyafanya.
Hata hivyo, ni mambo kama haya haya ambayo kada huyu mkongwe wa CCM, amekuwa akiyatekeleza kwa matendo, ambayo yalielekea kumponza.
Katika kile kilichoonekana kama kiashiria cha kiwango cha unafiki ulivyowajaa baadhi ya wana-CCM, na hususan watendaji wa ngazi za juu wa chama hicho, ilibakia almanusura Sitta, sio tu kuondolewa katika nafasi yake ya uspika bali pia kupokwa ubunge na uanachama wake katika CCM.
Taarifa za matukio haya yote zilikuwa wazi, ziliripotiwa na kusambaa kila kona ya nchi. Halikuwa kificho, lilikuwa jambo la wazi.
Kwamba baada ya vikao vile vya wakubwa kwisha hakukutolewa tamko lolote la kukanusha taarifa za kilichokuwa kimedhamiriwa kumkumba Sitta, ni ishara ya kuwa kweli kulikuwa na dhamira hiyo.
Tulimsikia Makamba, akiongea na vyombo vya habari, tena kwa lugha ya ukali, kuwa vikao hivyo vilikuwa na haki ya kufanya waliyoyafanya kwakuwa CCM ni zaidi ya kila mtu/kitu.
Kwamba CCM ni zaidi ya sheria za nchi, kwamba CCM ina haki ya kuvunja katiba ya nchi kwa kumhoji, kumdhalilisha na kutaka kumuwajibisha kiongozi mkuu wa mhimili wa nchi, kwa kutimiza wajibu wake ambao katiba ya nchi inamtaka kuutimiza.
Lakini katikati ya kiza kilichowashukia Watanzania juu ya uadilifu, uelewa, busara na utimilifu wa utendaji kazi walio nao viongozi na baadhi ya wana-CCM, wale waliostahili kuhakikisha unyoofu wa mambo, wakatujia na masimulizi ya kuvunja mbavu kwa vilio vya masikitiko.
Tukamsikia mwenyekiti wa CCM, mhe. Jakaya Kikwete, akituambia kuwa kilichojiri Dodoma, yalikuwa ni malumbano makali sana. Tukamsikia Makamba, akijinasibu kwa mama mzazi wa Spika wetu, kuwa hakuwa na matatizo na mh. Sitta.
Hakuna hata mmoja wao aliyetamka kuwa, taarifa za mzee wa viwango na kasi, alikuwa akizushiwa tu kuwa anataka kufukuzwa. Na hili linamaanisha kuwa ni kweli wana-CCM kupitia vikao vyao, walidhamiria kumtendea unyama huo.
Kwa Sitta, ambaye uadilifu wake kwa CCM, haujawahi kuwa jambo la kuhoji, kwa Sitta, ambaye mapenzi yake kwa CCM, yamemfanya aone kuwa chama kinaenda kubaya na kinahitaji kurejesha imani yake kwa wananchi na akaonyesha njia katika kurejesha imani hiyo, ni wazi kuwa yaliyotokea kule Dodoma, ulikuwa udhalilishaji mkubwa sana kwake.
Kwa mh. JK, kukaa kimya akaiachia hali ile akiwa ni mwenyekiti wa chama na akamnyamazia hata Makamba, aliyetoa kauli za kuhalalisha udhalilishaji ule, ni wazi kuwa, hata yeye alikuwa anayafurahia na kuyakubal.
Na kama mhe. JK, ameshindwa kuwakemea watu aina ya Makamba, ambao wanavunja katiba ya nchi kwa kuhoji utendaji wa Spika tenda ulio ndani ya muongozo sahihi kikatiba na kiilani ya CCM, ana sababu ipi ya kutufanya tuendelee kumuamini?
Hivi ikitokea Bunge nalo likaamua kumjadili raisi, kiasi cha kufikia kufikiri, angalau kufikiri tu, kuwa anatakiwa aondoke madarakani, atakaa kimya na kuyachekelea hayo?
Hapa ndipo ninapokumbuka alichowahi kuandika Ansbert Ngurumo, kuwa mh JK, ni kama mtu ambaye hawezi hata kuchinja kuku wake, kwakuwa anaogopa kurukiwa na damu, kwahiyo atatafuta mtu amsukumie mzigo huo.
Na hili ndilo alilolitenda kwa kuunda tume ya kuchunguza kiini cha malumbano baina ya wabunge wa CCM. Ilikuwepo haja gani ya kufikia hapo, ilhali inajulikana wazi kuwa ni ukosefu wa msukumo wa kweli, wazi na ulio wa haraka katika kushughulikia matatizo ya wazi ya wananchi!
TAARIFA HII NIMEITOA KATIKA BLOG YA Rama Msangi
• Age: 34
• Gender: Male
• Astrological Sign: Virgo
• Zodiac Year: Rabbit
• Industry: Publishing
• Occupation: Journalist
• Location: Mbeya : Southern Highland Zone : Tanzania
www.uchambuzi.blogspot.com
Wakati ambapo mheshimiwa JK, yeye alihitimisha kipande chake katika filamu hiyo akiwa jijini Dar es salaam, kwa staili ya kujibu maswali ya wananchi kupitia luningani, Makamba, yeye aliamua kumalizia kipande chake kule jimboni Urambo kwa staili ya kuhutubia wananchi kupitia mkutano wa hadhara.
Na kwakuwa kama zilivyo filamu zingine, hii nayo ilikuwa na script yake, bila shaka ndio maana haikuwa taabu kwa vigogo hawa kuwa na majibu ambayo yalishabihiana kwa karibu.Majibu ya kisanii.
Kwa Makamba ninayemjua, ambaye nimekuwa nikiamini kuwa anapoteza muda katika siasa ilhali tasnia ya sanaa ikiwa inamhitaji sana, hili lilikuwa jambo nililolitarajia. Ilikuwa suala la muda tu, ambao hatimaye aliupata na kuutumia vyema kama ilivyo ada kwake.
'Filamu' yenyewe ambayo sehemu kubwa ilichezwa mjini Dodoma, ilihusisha tukio linalomhusisha mtu mmoja ambaye kutokana na mapenzi yake kwa Watanzania wenzake, aliamua kusimama kidete katika upande wa kuwatetea.
Mhusika wa nafasi hii, Samwel 'a.k.a Standard and Speed' Sita, Spika wa Bunge la Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania, ambaye ni wazi kuwa amedhihirisha kasi na kiwango chake katika kulipa Bunge letu meno, alijikuta katika wakati mgumu kutokana na utendaji wake ambao kimsingi umekuwa ukizingatia ilani ya chama chake na kilicho pia chama tawala CCM.
Kuwaletea Watanzania maisha bora, kuimarisha mijadala yenye maslahi ya kitaifa ndani ya Bunge, kwa lengo la kuimarisha demokrasia, ni baadhi tu ya mambo yenye kuzungumzwa katika kila muongozo wa CCM, na ambayo Sitta, amekuwa akiyafanya.
Hata hivyo, ni mambo kama haya haya ambayo kada huyu mkongwe wa CCM, amekuwa akiyatekeleza kwa matendo, ambayo yalielekea kumponza.
Katika kile kilichoonekana kama kiashiria cha kiwango cha unafiki ulivyowajaa baadhi ya wana-CCM, na hususan watendaji wa ngazi za juu wa chama hicho, ilibakia almanusura Sitta, sio tu kuondolewa katika nafasi yake ya uspika bali pia kupokwa ubunge na uanachama wake katika CCM.
Taarifa za matukio haya yote zilikuwa wazi, ziliripotiwa na kusambaa kila kona ya nchi. Halikuwa kificho, lilikuwa jambo la wazi.
Kwamba baada ya vikao vile vya wakubwa kwisha hakukutolewa tamko lolote la kukanusha taarifa za kilichokuwa kimedhamiriwa kumkumba Sitta, ni ishara ya kuwa kweli kulikuwa na dhamira hiyo.
Tulimsikia Makamba, akiongea na vyombo vya habari, tena kwa lugha ya ukali, kuwa vikao hivyo vilikuwa na haki ya kufanya waliyoyafanya kwakuwa CCM ni zaidi ya kila mtu/kitu.
Kwamba CCM ni zaidi ya sheria za nchi, kwamba CCM ina haki ya kuvunja katiba ya nchi kwa kumhoji, kumdhalilisha na kutaka kumuwajibisha kiongozi mkuu wa mhimili wa nchi, kwa kutimiza wajibu wake ambao katiba ya nchi inamtaka kuutimiza.
Lakini katikati ya kiza kilichowashukia Watanzania juu ya uadilifu, uelewa, busara na utimilifu wa utendaji kazi walio nao viongozi na baadhi ya wana-CCM, wale waliostahili kuhakikisha unyoofu wa mambo, wakatujia na masimulizi ya kuvunja mbavu kwa vilio vya masikitiko.
Tukamsikia mwenyekiti wa CCM, mhe. Jakaya Kikwete, akituambia kuwa kilichojiri Dodoma, yalikuwa ni malumbano makali sana. Tukamsikia Makamba, akijinasibu kwa mama mzazi wa Spika wetu, kuwa hakuwa na matatizo na mh. Sitta.
Hakuna hata mmoja wao aliyetamka kuwa, taarifa za mzee wa viwango na kasi, alikuwa akizushiwa tu kuwa anataka kufukuzwa. Na hili linamaanisha kuwa ni kweli wana-CCM kupitia vikao vyao, walidhamiria kumtendea unyama huo.
Kwa Sitta, ambaye uadilifu wake kwa CCM, haujawahi kuwa jambo la kuhoji, kwa Sitta, ambaye mapenzi yake kwa CCM, yamemfanya aone kuwa chama kinaenda kubaya na kinahitaji kurejesha imani yake kwa wananchi na akaonyesha njia katika kurejesha imani hiyo, ni wazi kuwa yaliyotokea kule Dodoma, ulikuwa udhalilishaji mkubwa sana kwake.
Kwa mh. JK, kukaa kimya akaiachia hali ile akiwa ni mwenyekiti wa chama na akamnyamazia hata Makamba, aliyetoa kauli za kuhalalisha udhalilishaji ule, ni wazi kuwa, hata yeye alikuwa anayafurahia na kuyakubal.
Na kama mhe. JK, ameshindwa kuwakemea watu aina ya Makamba, ambao wanavunja katiba ya nchi kwa kuhoji utendaji wa Spika tenda ulio ndani ya muongozo sahihi kikatiba na kiilani ya CCM, ana sababu ipi ya kutufanya tuendelee kumuamini?
Hivi ikitokea Bunge nalo likaamua kumjadili raisi, kiasi cha kufikia kufikiri, angalau kufikiri tu, kuwa anatakiwa aondoke madarakani, atakaa kimya na kuyachekelea hayo?
Hapa ndipo ninapokumbuka alichowahi kuandika Ansbert Ngurumo, kuwa mh JK, ni kama mtu ambaye hawezi hata kuchinja kuku wake, kwakuwa anaogopa kurukiwa na damu, kwahiyo atatafuta mtu amsukumie mzigo huo.
Na hili ndilo alilolitenda kwa kuunda tume ya kuchunguza kiini cha malumbano baina ya wabunge wa CCM. Ilikuwepo haja gani ya kufikia hapo, ilhali inajulikana wazi kuwa ni ukosefu wa msukumo wa kweli, wazi na ulio wa haraka katika kushughulikia matatizo ya wazi ya wananchi!
TAARIFA HII NIMEITOA KATIKA BLOG YA Rama Msangi
• Age: 34
• Gender: Male
• Astrological Sign: Virgo
• Zodiac Year: Rabbit
• Industry: Publishing
• Occupation: Journalist
• Location: Mbeya : Southern Highland Zone : Tanzania
www.uchambuzi.blogspot.com
Thursday, June 3, 2010
SAUT YAINGIA MGOGORO NA RITA
Taasisi, asasi 200 kufutwa nchini
Thursday, 03 June 2010 09:05
Na Boniface Meena
http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/4-habari-za-kitaifa/2136-taasisi-asasi-200-kufutwa-nchini
OFISI YA kabidhi wasihi nchini, Rita, imetoa notisi ya kusudio la kufuta taasisi 200 nchini, yakiwamo makanisa, misikiti na vyuo vya elimu ya juu.
Rita imetoa notisi hiyo jana ikieleza kwamba sababu za kuchukua hatua hiyo ni taasisi hizo kushindwa kutekeleza majukumu na wajibu wao kwa mujibu wa sheria.
Kaimu msimamizi mkuu wa Rita, Phillip Saliboko ametaja katika notisi hiyo kuwa miongoni mwa vyuo vya elimu ya juu vitakavyoathirika ni Chuo Kikuu cha St.Augustino kinachomilikiwa na Kanisa Katoliki pamoja na misikiti miwili ya dini ya Kiislamu jijini Dar es Salaam.
Katika maelezo hayo, Rita imeeleza kuwa imepewa mamlaka hayo na sheria, ikitaja sura ya 318 ya toleo la mwaka 2002, kifungu cha 23(1)(d) ambayo inamruhusu wakala huyo kuzifuta asasi ambazo zimeshindwa kutekeleza majukumu na wajibu wao.
Taasisi na asasi zilizotajwa ni pamoja na vyuo vya elimu ya juu nchini, shule za msingi, makanisa pamoja na asasi zisizo za serikali (NGO).
Notisi hiyo inaeleza kuwa moja ya sababu za kuzifuta asasi hizo ni kushindwa kutoa taarifa ya mabadiliko katika asasi hizo na kutokufanya marejesho ya wadhamini kwa kipindi kirefu baada ya usajili.
"Kwa hiyo ninatoa taarifa kwamba ninakusudia kufuta udhamini wa asasi hizo baada ya kwisha kwa kipindi cha siku 30 baada ya tarehe ya notisi hii.
Labda kama kutakuwapo na sababu zozote za msingi na za kisheria zitakazoniridhisha kwa nini nisifute udhamini wa asasi hizo,"anaeleza Saliboko katika taarifa yake.
Baadhi ya makanisa ambayo yametajwa kwenye notisi hiyo ni Kanisa la Anglican Sumbawanga, Kanisa la Pentekoste Korogwe, Morogoro na Iduguta.
Misikiti ni pamoja na msikiti wa Masjid Ghalib Islamic Centre na Masjid Qadiria ulio Mbagala Charambe na Mianzini Temeke jijini Dar es Salaam.
Taasisi nyingi zilizotajwa ni za maendeleo, vituo vya kulea watoto yatima na nyingi zipo jijini la Dar es Salaam.
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Thursday, 03 June 2010 09:05
Na Boniface Meena
http://www.mwananchi.co.tz/habari/4-habari-za-kitaifa/2136-taasisi-asasi-200-kufutwa-nchini
OFISI YA kabidhi wasihi nchini, Rita, imetoa notisi ya kusudio la kufuta taasisi 200 nchini, yakiwamo makanisa, misikiti na vyuo vya elimu ya juu.
Rita imetoa notisi hiyo jana ikieleza kwamba sababu za kuchukua hatua hiyo ni taasisi hizo kushindwa kutekeleza majukumu na wajibu wao kwa mujibu wa sheria.
Kaimu msimamizi mkuu wa Rita, Phillip Saliboko ametaja katika notisi hiyo kuwa miongoni mwa vyuo vya elimu ya juu vitakavyoathirika ni Chuo Kikuu cha St.Augustino kinachomilikiwa na Kanisa Katoliki pamoja na misikiti miwili ya dini ya Kiislamu jijini Dar es Salaam.
Katika maelezo hayo, Rita imeeleza kuwa imepewa mamlaka hayo na sheria, ikitaja sura ya 318 ya toleo la mwaka 2002, kifungu cha 23(1)(d) ambayo inamruhusu wakala huyo kuzifuta asasi ambazo zimeshindwa kutekeleza majukumu na wajibu wao.
Taasisi na asasi zilizotajwa ni pamoja na vyuo vya elimu ya juu nchini, shule za msingi, makanisa pamoja na asasi zisizo za serikali (NGO).
Notisi hiyo inaeleza kuwa moja ya sababu za kuzifuta asasi hizo ni kushindwa kutoa taarifa ya mabadiliko katika asasi hizo na kutokufanya marejesho ya wadhamini kwa kipindi kirefu baada ya usajili.
"Kwa hiyo ninatoa taarifa kwamba ninakusudia kufuta udhamini wa asasi hizo baada ya kwisha kwa kipindi cha siku 30 baada ya tarehe ya notisi hii.
Labda kama kutakuwapo na sababu zozote za msingi na za kisheria zitakazoniridhisha kwa nini nisifute udhamini wa asasi hizo,"anaeleza Saliboko katika taarifa yake.
Baadhi ya makanisa ambayo yametajwa kwenye notisi hiyo ni Kanisa la Anglican Sumbawanga, Kanisa la Pentekoste Korogwe, Morogoro na Iduguta.
Misikiti ni pamoja na msikiti wa Masjid Ghalib Islamic Centre na Masjid Qadiria ulio Mbagala Charambe na Mianzini Temeke jijini Dar es Salaam.
Taasisi nyingi zilizotajwa ni za maendeleo, vituo vya kulea watoto yatima na nyingi zipo jijini la Dar es Salaam.
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